Take a medium head of green cabbage and remove the outer leaves.
Cut the cabbage into quarters, remove the core, and then thinly shred it into ribbons. Use a sharp knife or mandoline for nice, even pieces.
Peel and shred the carrots. Pop all those shreds into a big mixing bowl.
Sprinkle sea salt over the cabbage—make sure it’s non-iodized to keep the fermentation happy—and add the caraway seeds, bay leaf, or garlic for extra flavor (if using). Massage the cabbage with your hands for 5-10 minutes, squeezing and turning it until it releases a good amount of liquid and becomes soft, juicy, and wilted. This brine is key to fermentation.
Transfer the cabbage and all the brine into a clean glass jar. Press it down firmly with your fist or a tamper to push out air pockets—your goal is to submerge the cabbage in its own liquid. If it’s not quite covered, add a splash of filtered water, but just enough to do the job. Now add something heavy on top to weigh everything down and keep it underwater. This step is crucial for a successful ferment.
Seal the jar with a fermentation lid or a regular lid loosened slightly to allow gases to escape. Place the jar in a cool location between 60-70°F—my preferred spot is the kitchen counter—and let it ferment for 5 days. Check daily, pressing the cabbage down if it floats above the brine, and let the gases escape. Taste after 5 days—when it reaches your preferred tanginess, it’s ready. Drain the liquid and move to the refrigerator to slow fermentation; it will keep for up to 2 months.
Enjoy your fermented cabbage as a tangy side with roasted meats, a topping for hot dogs or Reuben sandwiches, or a zesty addition to bowls. Serve chilled for the best flavor.